Tooth Decay: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Tooth decay (also known as dental caries or cavities) is one of the most common oral health problems worldwide. If left untreated, it can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss. The good news? Early detection and treatment can save your natural teeth and prevent costly dental work.

1. Symptoms of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay develops gradually, so recognizing the early signs is key. You may notice:

White or brown spots on the enamel

Tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks

Mild to sharp toothache that comes and goes

Visible holes or pits in the teeth

Bad breath or an unpleasant taste in the mouth

In severe cases, swelling or pus around the tooth

Greenfield’s Tip: Even if there’s no pain, any visible discoloration or sensitivity should be checked by a dentist early – prevention is always easier than treatment.

2. Causes of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth enamel. Common causes include:

Poor oral hygiene – not brushing and flossing daily

Frequent snacking or sugary drinks – fuels bacterial growth

Dry mouth – reduced saliva makes it easier for plaque to form

Worn fillings or dental work – can trap bacteria

Medical conditions – acid reflux, eating disorders, or certain medications

3. Treatment Options at Greenfield Dental

The right treatment depends on the stage of decay:

Fluoride treatment – for very early-stage decay, helps remineralize enamel

Dental fillings – for small cavities, restoring function and shape

Crowns – for larger decay or weakened teeth

Root canal treatment – when decay reaches the tooth pulp

Tooth extraction – in severe, untreatable cases

Greenfield’s Tip: At Greenfield Dental, we use advanced imaging to detect decay early and recommend personalized treatment plansthat protect your natural teeth as much as possible.